The Kaplica Czaszek (skull chapel) of St. Bartholomew’s Church, Czermna, Kudowa, Poland dates from the end of the 18th century and is the only such chapel in the country. Over 21,000 human remains are interred here, while the remains of 3,000 victims of plague and war adorn the walls. The remains were collected, cleaned, and arranged by Fr. Vaclav Tomasek between 1776 and 1804 as part shrine, part memento mori.